锂离子电池高压电解液研究进展

doi:10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.218133

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 传统碳酸酯类电解液在高压(>4.3 V, vs. Li/Li+)下易发生氧化分解反应，导致锂离子电池不可逆容量增加、循环性能下降. 为解决这一问题，需从理论和实验两方面对电解液溶剂、锂盐、添加剂及其基本组成等进行针对性设计. 耐高压溶剂是提升电解液稳定性的关键因素之一，既经济又有效，添加高浓锂盐是近年来研究较多的可提升电解液电化学窗口和循环稳定性的新策略. 本工作从耐高压溶剂、高压添加剂和高浓锂盐三方面综述了近几年锂离子电池高压电解液的研究进展.

关键词: 锂离子电池, 高压电解液, 高压溶剂, 高压添加剂, 高浓锂盐

Abstract: To satisfy the increasing discharge capacity demand of next generation electric devices, various high working voltage cathodes have been explored. However, traditional carbonate solvents, such as ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate-based electrolytes are prone to oxidative decomposition at high voltage (>4.3 V, vs. Li/Li+), which results in the increase of irreversible capacity and the inferior cycling performance of lithium ion batteries. To solve the problem, it is necessary to design high-voltage tolerant electrolyte based on theories and experiments. Specifically, new high-voltage solvents such as sulfone and ionic liquid are determining factors to improve the stability of electrolyte as they could improve the interfacial stability between the high voltage cathode and the electrolyte intrinsically. Another method to solve the problem is the addition of high-voltage additives because a small amount of additives could form an effective solid electrolyte interface layer and decrease the interfacial reaction dynamically. Moreover, additives can solve the problem economically and effectively. In addition, optimizing the physical and chemical properties of conventional electrolyte is a new strategy to exhibit new properties. For example, a novel formula such as superconcentrated electrolyte has wide electrochemical window and superior cycling performance. However, it is well known that high voltage solvents are often characterized by high viscosity, low reductive stability and reductive decomposition products cannot form an effective interfacial layer on the anodes. The addition of additives may have negative impact on other properties of lithium ion batteries such as the initial coulombic efficiency. And the superconcentrated electrolyte is very expensive and high viscosity. Although they have some defects, it is also very significant to study them because they can give a guide to investigate electrolyte with superior performance. Thus, this review summarized the advances and perspectives on the development of high-voltage solvents, additives and superconcentrated electrolyte of lithium ion batteries.

Key words: lithium ion batteries, high-voltage electrolyte, high-voltage solvents, high-voltage additives, superconcentrated electrolyte strategy

凡俊田董陶张兰陈仕谋. 锂离子电池高压电解液研究进展[J]. 过程工程学报, 2018, 18(6): 1167-1177.

Juntian FAN Tao DONG Lan ZHANG Shimou CHEN. Advances on high-voltage electrolyte of lithium ion batteries[J]. Chin. J. Process Eng., 2018, 18(6): 1167-1177.

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