废旧铝合金回收利用的研究现状

doi:10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.218180

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 铝合金由于其密度小、强度高、耐腐蚀等一系列优良性能，已经成为世界上第二大金属材料。随着原铝产量的严重短缺和各种铝产品相继达到报废年限，人们对各类废旧铝合金的回收利用越发关注。再生铝行业的兴起不仅可以有效缓解全球铝土矿资源日益匮乏的局面，而且对经济、环境和能源的可持续发展都有很大贡献。航空航天用铝由于工作环境特殊，对铝合金强度、耐热性、抗腐蚀性和抗疲劳性等有严格的要求，航空铝有更高的循环利用价值。通过几十年的研究探索，针对废铝回收过程产品质量不稳定、烧损率高、氧化严重等问题，相继开发了重介质分离、双室炉熔炼、LARS变质处理等技术和设备。本工作对常见废旧铝合金在预处理、重熔再生和金属熔体精炼过程中所用设备和技术进行了总结，重点归纳了航空铝的回收利用现状，对铝回收行业存在的难点问题和未来发展趋势进行了讨论和展望。

关键词: 再生铝, 预处理, 精炼, 金属杂质, 航空铝

Abstract: Because of the low density, high strength, good corrosion resistance and other excellent properties, aluminum alloys have become the second widest used metal material. In recent years, more and more attention to the recycling of waste aluminum alloys has been paid, which not only effectively alleviates the global shortage of bauxite resource, but also contributes to the sustainable development of economy, environment, and energy. Due to the special working environment of aerospace industry, it has higher performance requirements for the aluminum alloy, i.e. strength, heat resistance, corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance. Therefore, the aerospace aluminum alloys contain many types of alloying elements and create higher recycling value. With decades of research and exploration, there are still problems limiting the recycling, such as unstable product quality, high burning rate, and severe oxidation. Heavy-medium separation, dual-chamber furnace smelting, and LARS metamorphic treatment technologies and equipments have been successively developed. This article summarized the types of commonly used aluminum alloys, the equipments and technologies used in the recycling process, including pretreatment, remelting regeneration, and refining. The status of recycling and utilization of aerospace aluminum was highlighted. Finally, the difficulties and future trends in the aluminum recycling industry were discussed and looked ahead.

Key words: secondary aluminum, pretreatment, refining, metal impurities, aerospace aluminum

韦漩王海娟刘春伟曹宏斌严鹏程孙峙. 废旧铝合金回收利用的研究现状[J]. 过程工程学报, 2019, 19(1): 45-54.

Xuan WEI Haijuan WANG Chunwei LIU Hongbin CAO Pengcheng YAN Zhi SUN. A review on recycling of waste aluminum alloy[J]. Chin. J. Process Eng., 2019, 19(1): 45-54.

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