全固态锂离子电池技术进展及现状

doi:10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.218331

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 锂离子电池电解质多为有机液体，易燃易爆、安全性差。用固态电解质制备的全固态锂离子电池，具有电化学窗口宽、能量密度大和安全性高等优点，是电动汽车和规模化储能应用的理想化学电源。本工作主要介绍了全固态电解质的电解质材料及电极/电解质界面调控与机理问题，为改善固/固界面相容性及降低界面阻抗方面提供解决方案。阐述了目前主流的正负极材料、全固态锂离子电池的设计及目前的专利申请状况，简要讨论了全固态锂离子电池面临的主要问题，并从产业应用角度展望了其应用现状和未来发展趋势，为从业者全面了解全固态电池的发展提供有利依据。

关键词: 全固态锂离子电池, 固态电解质, 固/固界面, 电极材料, 界面阻抗

Abstract: Organic liquids are usually used as electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries, which are poor in safety and easy to burn and explode. In the all-solid-state lithium battery (ASSB), all solid electrolytes are applied instead of the traditional organic liquid electrolytes. Compared with lithium-ion batteries, ASSBs have the advantages of wide electrochemical window, high energy density and safety. They are potential chemical power sources in electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage applications. At present, there are more than 20 manufacturing companies, start-up companies and university research institutes around the world dedicated to ASSB technology. Main purpose is to seek a breakthrough in material preparation technology, including the preparation of electrode materials as well as the technology which can enable the positive and negative electrodes match well with the solid electrolyte materials. In this review, the research progress of ASSB technology and key materials, especially all-solid electrolyte materials, as well as the control and mechanism of electrode/electrolyte interface were introduced, and the solutions for improving solid/solid interface compatibility and reducing interface impedance were provided. Among them, solid electrolyte materials with high ionic conductivity, such as PEO-based polymer electrolyte, NASICON and Garnet oxide electrolyte and sulfide electrolyte were detailed presented. This work also provided the current mainstream positive and negative electrode materials, ASSB design and current patent application status. Based on that, the main problems faced by ASSBs were briefly discussed, such as the lower electrical conductivity of solid electrolytes, poor battery rate, as well as the solid interface problems of electrode/electrolyte, including high interface impedance, poor interface stability, and interface stress changes, which could lead to the poor circulation life of ASSBs. The application status and future development trend of ASSBs were summarized and prospected from the perspective of industrial applications, which gave the future research directions and solutions. This review provided a favorable basis for the comprehensive understanding of the development of ASSBs.Key learning points (1) The potential solid electrolyte materials for large-scale industrial applications include NASICON, Garnet oxide electrolyte, sulfide electrolyte and polymer electrolyte, etc. (2) The study of solid/solid electrolyte (solid/solid) interface has not reached the level of solid/liquid electrolyte (solid/liquid) interface. Problems such as large interface impedance, poor interface stability, and interface stress change have not been solved. (3) It is urgent to develop new positive and negative electrode materials with high energy and stability, and to determine the best combination of electrode materials and solid electrolytes.

Key words: All-solid-lithium battery, Solid electrolyte, Electrode/electrolyte interface, Electrode materials, Interface impedance

刘鲁静贾志军郭强王毅齐涛. 全固态锂离子电池技术进展及现状[J]. 过程工程学报, 2019, 19(5): 900-909.

Lujing LIU Zhijun JIA Qiang GUO Yi WANG Tao QI. Research progress and current status of all-solid-state lithium battery[J]. The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering, 2019, 19(5): 900-909.

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