战略性稀有金属资源绿色高值利用技术进展

doi:10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.219142

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 从资源紧缺、环境污染、产品低端等方面，总结了我国钒、钛、镍、钴、锂稀有金属资源在战略性新兴产业迅猛发展时代所面临的国家重大需求，回顾了领域近年来通过升级和变革传统稀有金属资源利用技术取得的主要进展和成就。其中煤基钠化冶炼、高温碳化?低温氯化、亚熔盐氧化等非常规介质强化手段是实现钒钛磁铁矿中钒、钛绿色高值高效利用的核心；盐酸常压浸出?低温选择性水解?共沉淀新技术是一种低成本、短流程高效高值利用红土镍矿全组分的先进技术代表；双功能协同复合萃取原理是实现高镁盐湖卤水的锂资源绿色利用的关键基础。基于固废资源化和源头减废两个思路，现阶段战略性金属资源的利用技术初步解决了环境污染和资源利用率低的问题，但仍存在资源绿色利用基础原理匮乏、产品科技含量低等普遍问题。以战略性产业关键材料为导向的绿色高值利用技术的应用基础研究是稀有金属相关绿色产业战略性发展的重要科技保障，是未来重要的前沿研究方向。

关键词: 钒钛磁铁矿, 红土矿, 盐湖卤水, 绿色高值利用, 二次资源

Abstract: Focus on resource shortage, environmental pollution, and low grade products, the major national demands of China's rare metal resources such as vanadium, titanium, nickel, cobalt, and lithium, in the era of rapid development of strategic emerging industries were summarized, and the major progress and achievements of this field in recent years through upgrading and reforming the utilization technology of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite, laterite nickel ore, and high magnesium content brine were reviewed. The main conclusion was that: (1) Unconventional medium strengthening methods such as coal-based sodium salt smelting, high temperature carbonization?low temperature chlorination, and oxidation of sub-molten salt were the core of achieving green high-value utilization of vanadium and titanium in vanadium-titanium magnetite. (2) The hydrochloric acid leaching?low temperature selective hydrolysis?coprecipitation process was an advanced representative technology which can shortly achieve the high-efficiency and high-value utilization of all components of the laterite nickel ore with low cost. (3) Double-functional synergistic system was the key to realize the green utilization of lithium extraction and stripping from high magnesium content brine. Based on the two ideas of solid waste recycling and waste reduction at source, the utilization technology of strategic metal resources at the present stage had preliminarily solved the problems of environmental pollution and low utilization rate of resources, but there were still common problems such as the lack of basic principles of green utilization of resources and low scientific technological content of products. At the end of this work, the frontier research direction of green high-value utilization of rare metal resources guided by strategic industrial key materials was prospected, e.g. basic research on the application and value-increment of rare metal.

Key words: Vanadium-titanium magnetite, laterite ore, salt lake brine, green high value utilization, secondary resources

齐涛王伟菁魏广叶朱兆武曲景奎王丽娜张绘. 战略性稀有金属资源绿色高值利用技术进展[J]. 过程工程学报, 2019, 19(S1): 10-24.

Tao QI Weijing WANG Guangye WEI Zhaowu ZHU Jingkui QU Lina WANG Hui ZHANG . Technical progress of green high-value utilization of strategic rare metal resources[J]. The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering, 2019, 19(S1): 10-24.

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