关键词: 超声强化, 辅助浸出, 空化作用, 湿法冶金

Abstract: In recent years, with the continuous scarcity of primary mineral resources, the decline in mineral levels, and the increase in secondary resources, how to efficiently recover precious metals from raw materials such as primary ore, concentrates or secondary resources is both an environmental issue and an economic issue that needs to be resolved. Hydrometallurgy, as a method of efficiently recovering metals, is leaching raw materials in acidic or alkaline solutions, transferring the metals to the solution in the form of ions, and then using extraction, solid?liquid separation and other means to recover the metals. Among them, leaching, as an important process in hydrometallurgy, has the advantages of high comprehensive recovery rate of valuable metals, higher recovery rate of low-grade ore than pyrometallurgy, and low operation difficulty. It has been widely used in metallurgy. At the same time, the leaching process has the disadvantages of high requirements on the concentration of the leaching solution, long reaction time, and slow reaction rate. To overcome the above disadvantages, it is an effective way to improve the existing metal hydrometallurgical process through various assisted leaching technologies. Among them, by adding ultrasonic to the external field, using ultrasonic cavitation mechanical effects and thermal effects to strengthen the reaction process together, it has the characteristics of improving the solid surface structure, uniform leachate system, and optimizing the reaction history. Compared with the traditional leaching process, the leaching time can be shortened, the leaching rate can be increased, and the amount of reagents can be reduced. The entire leaching process can be performed at room temperature, which greatly reduces the energy consumption. This work summarized the ultrasonic cavitation and its mechanism in the leaching process, highlighted the characteristics and advantages of the ultrasonic enhanced leaching process, put forward the limitations of ultrasonic itself, and prospected its future development in this field.

Key words: Ultrasound strengthening, Assisted leaching, Cavitation, Hydrometallurgy