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过程工程学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (1): 3-17.DOI: 10.12034/j.issn.1009-606X.220059

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

海藻酸钠基吸附材料去除水中重金属离子的研究进展

郭 成， 高翔鹏*， 李明阳， 郝军杰， 龙红明， 赵 卓   

  1. 安徽工业大学冶金工程学院，安徽 马鞍山 243002
  • 收稿日期:2020-02-23 修回日期:2020-03-26 出版日期:2021-01-22 发布日期:2021-01-21
  • 通讯作者: 高翔鹏 gxp1992@ahut.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    多孔海藻酸钠吸附剂的合成及其对Pd(II)的选择吸附机理研究;多孔海藻酸基复合材料对汞和砷的吸附机理研究;Fe(III)/海藻酸钠体系对Cr(VI)的还原-吸附机理研究

Adsorption of heavy metal ion by sodium alginate based adsorbent-a review

Cheng GUO, Xiangpeng GAO*, Mingyang LI, Junjie HAO, Hongming LONG, Zhuo ZHAO   

  1. School of Metallurgical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma?anshan, Anhui 243002, China
  • Received:2020-02-23 Revised:2020-03-26 Online:2021-01-22 Published:2021-01-21

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摘要： 重金属污染是当今工业发展所面临的一个重要环境问题之一，由于吸附法具有原材料来源广泛、价格低廉、可循环利用等特征，被认为是一种绿色环保的重金属离子去除方法。海藻酸钠是一种天然多糖，其表面存在大量对重金属离子吸附能力优良的羟基和羧基，目前已被广大科研人员用于实验室吸附材料的制备及研究。通过表面嫁接、交联等改性手段制备的海藻酸钠基吸附材料对重金属离子吸附容量大、去除彻底，拥有较好的工业应用前景。但由于海藻酸钠分子稳定性低、耐热性较差，目前在工业中尚无大规模应用。本工作综述了海藻酸钠基吸附材料的发展现状，介绍了海藻酸钠的结构特点和理化性质，分析了物理、化学改性的海藻酸钠去除重金属离子的吸附特性和影响因素，总结了这些材料对于重金属离子的吸附机理并指出当前研究在工业应用方面尚存的不足之处。在后续研究中，若能有效结合材料科学与环境科学的优势，制备出结构稳定、吸附性能优良的海藻酸钠基吸附材料，对于提升海藻酸钠及其他天然生物质材料的工业价值有重要意义。

关键词: 海藻酸钠, 吸附, 吸附机理, 重金属离子, 改性

Abstract: Heavy metal pollution is one of the most important environmental issues in current industrial development. Due to its simplicity and low-cost, adsorption is regarded as one of the green and environmental friendly methods to remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Sodium alginate is a natural polysaccharide which contains significant amount of hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups that has high affinity towards heavy metal ions. Currently, sodium alginate and its derivatives have been widely used to remove heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions in laboratories. Synthesized by surface grafting, crosslinking, and modification, sodium alginate based adsorbents have high adsorption capacities and great metal removal efficiency, which suggests potential industrial applications. However, due to the weak stability and thermos resistance, sodium alginate based adsorbents were limited in industrial applications. In this work, the development of sodium alginate based adsorbents, introduced the structure and chemical properties of sodium alginate, the adsorption performance and affecting parameters of sodium alginate based adsorbents were summarized. Finally, the adsorption mechanism was analyzed. In future studies, material science and environmental engineering could be combined in the adsorbent synthetic process to enhance the structure and adsorption behavior, which could provide potential applications to remove heavy metals from industrial effluents.

Key words: Sodium alginate, adsorption, heavy metals, adsorption mechanism, modification